Background: Urban elements play a significant role in the formation, transformation and reproduction of urban identity. They also predispose the context to the emergence of signs and symbols. Signs could appear in various forms in the urban space, affecting the visibility and activity of the city as well as the persistence of its image in the audiences' minds. Urban volumes are part of urban art and graphic, which their visual and contextual quality affect urban spaces. The current study seeks to understand the function of urban elements in creating an urban identity through the nostalgic approach. It also tries to see how communicating process of signs in urban volumes in relation to the audience is. Objectives: The current study considers the Analysis of the elements of Rasht city through a nostalgic approach. It also studies the process of formation of Icons, Hypericons and Hypoicons in the selected examples. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of gathering materials is a combination of library studies and field observations, and the data Analysis is qualitative. Results: Results suggest that a sense of nostalgia is created by the use of elements and volumes derived from art and culture in the urban environment as parts of the city identity. Conclusion: The association of nostalgia can be found in some of the Rasht sculptures which have historical and cultural themes. Some sculptures in the city of Rasht, referring to the indigenous nature, traditional jobs and occupations, historical monuments as well as epic and heroic events, create a sense of belonging and place in the audience.

The present work sets as its objective to explore Iconic motivation in the grammatical system of Modern Persian and its linguistic consequences. The cases in Modern Persian which come in this article under scrutiny are 1) the distribution of the verbal agreement marker - known as sheniise in Persian grammar - on verbs 2) past tense form and its time reference 3) passivization and the structure of sentences with non-predicative I linking verbs - called esnadi (in traditional grammatical terms esmiyye - i.e.nominal) sentences in Modern Persian and 4) complexpredicates. It will be demonstrated that in all the 4 areas mentioned, the grammatical system exhibits Iconicity, especially in its diagrammatic form, between the grammatical structure and the conceptual structure of meaning or experience. As such, the article will establish a new outlook to the Analysis and description of the Modern Persian language. The following thus constitute the specific outcomes of the Analysis presented in the present work: 1. The auxiliary verb-main verb combination in Modern Persian forms a continuum, along which the grammatical dynamicity of the verb varies from the least dynamic - least verbal and more nominal in form - to the most dynamic - most the Modern Persian language. The following thus constitutverbal and least nominal. This dynamicity is formally realized by the (lack ot) the Modern Persian language. The following thus constitutoccurrence of shenase - the agreement marker of person and number with the grammaticalsubject of the sentence,which is attached to the end of the verb. However, the dynamicity is a reflection of the conceptual structure of meaning or experience. 2. Tense system in Modern Persian is more aspect-bound rather than time-bound. 3. There is a least common 4-enominator in the formation of passives and the so-called esnadi, i.e. linking, sentences with non-predicative verbs in Modern Persian: affected thematic structure. 4. The grammatical behavior of a complex verb in Modern Persian is a consequence of the type of its formation and the internal relation between the constituting elements, with the lower level being there no clash between the constitutive elements in terms of conceptual construct, and the higher level being a convergence in their conceptual properties.

In Persian, here are a set of limited number of body part terms which form an open class with a range of different transparent to opaue meanings. The members of this set can be classified into two main categories of: referential and nonreferential body part terms.This study tries to investigate how the terms are converted from one type to another in terms of meaning, structure, and morphosyntactic features. The result of this comariso showed a kind of diagrammatic Iconicity between the changes in the two levels of form and meaning.

In the fictional works of Shirzad Hassan, one of the famous contemporary writers of Iraqi Kurdistan, social themes, especially the position of the family institution and the relations between its members, are very prominent. This study seeks to investigate the position of women in Shirzad Hassan's three index novels, and the author has studied descriptive-analytical methods and library tools to examine family and emotional relationships, especially the image of women and common perceptions and beliefs about it in society. In the naturalist novel My Father's Fence and Dogs, he describes the suffering and depiction of the black world of families living under the domination of a patriarchal system, each of whom is struggling in some way with mental health issues. In the realist novel, a woman above the minaret pays attention to the issue of desecration of girls from a psychological and sociological perspective, and the author tries to take a psychological view of this issue and its effects and feedback on the psyche of young girls who are desecrated. In the romantic novel NaturDarreh, he deals with the Platonic love of schoolgirls and boys and examines the influence of the patriarchal and authoritarian system on the formation of personality and the emergence of mental illnesses. The results of this study indicate that Shirzad Hassan considers cultural poverty to be much more dangerous than economic issues and he believes that by highlighting society's misconceptions about emotional relationships between family members, in order to change the views of their people. He take a few steps towards this key issue.

Introduction: One of the main challenging issues in cognitive science is the role of attention in consciousness. It is generally believed that attention is essential for consciousness. However, some s tudies have shown in some conditions, such as Iconic memory, consciousness happens without attention. In previous s tudies, using Iconic memory dual tasks in which attention is locally diverted to peripheral task in order to examine consciousness in the central task has caused the problem of expectation and previous knowledge in perception of the s timuli. The purpose of the present study was to tes t attention necessity for consciousness in Iconic memory using the modified Stroop paradigm. Materials and Methods: Thirty Participants subjects were selected and randomly assigned to the partial and whole report groups. Results: Participants had significantly more correct responses in the partial group compared to the whole report group both in congruent and incongruent conditions. This indicates that attentional bias to word processing in incongruent conditions did not affect the correct responses compared to congruent conditions. Conclusion: Attention is not necessary for consciousness in Iconic memory.

Ferdowsi’ s Shahnameh is one of the greatest epic poems in the world. The outstanding values of this poem have not been hidden from the painters of different periods and they have drawn illustrations for many stories of Shahnameh. The combat of Rostam and Sohrab has been one of the most interesting themes for these painters. Due to the existence of different layers of meaning in Shahnameh, Shahnameh painting also provides very valuable raw materials for identifying signs and codes. In fact, the science of semiotics provides us with the ability to identify and reread these drawings to better understand this outstanding work. Considering the importance of characterization in the story of Rostam and Sohrab and the design of icons which are in appropriate accordance to the prominent characters in paintings, this study tries to semiotically analyze the most important character of Shahnameh, namely Rostam in the paintings of different periods. Since in Pierce’ s semiotic method a sign is treated as having three dimensions and the role of the interpreter and his perception of “ interpretation” is given importance, 15 drawings from this section of Shahnameh are selected and analyzed from the point of view of this thinker. This research is fundamental in terms of its goal; has a descriptive-analytical nature and lean on field and documentary methods for collecting data. At the end, it is concluded that painters’ connection with the subject of the story and the way they depict them have to do with hearing the story, receiving its linguistic-spoken messages, reading the text of the story through linguistic-textual messages, and seeing pre-existing images. The final outcome is formed and transferred to the audience with the intervention of the individual painter’ s thought and creativity and the use of visual elements (both text and image) in the form of drawings. Generally, in order to introduce Rustam to their audience, painters have often used signs with a conventional relationship in the symbolic aspect and cause and effect relationship in the index aspect.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer Analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

Background: Today, the neuroscience has growth in many aspects, and the effects of different factors on memory obtained many achievements. Several scientific and experimental studies evaluated effects of music on style and behavior of people; in this study, we evaluated memory between two groups of people, the professional pianists and normal people, through processing their electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using the coherence measure. Methods: In this study, EEG signals from 17 subjects during two memory tasks were recorded. After that, these signals were preprocessed, and spectral coherence connectivity measure between pair of electrodes was computed and then compared in the five frequency bands using independent t‑ test. Results: This statistical Analysis for working memory task showed significant differences in the temporal, central, and parietal lobes, especially in P7, P3, Pz, T8, C3, and C4 electrodes. As we know, these differences are related to learned skills and activities, words and sounds perception, and memory. Furthermore, for Iconic memory task, significant differences were observed in the right hemisphere of these two groups. Conclusions: From this task, we can say professional pianists are different from normal people in the perception of images and creativity. Results of this study show the effects of music on human brain and memory.